PROTEIN MARKERS USEFUL IN AUTHENTICATING Eurycoma longifolia CONTAINED HERBAL APHRODISIAC PRODUCTS
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Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia has been widely recognized for its aphrodisiac benefits and many herbal products incorporated with its extract been sold worldwide. The products in various forms of capsules or spherical tablets were appropriately solubilized in water and their protein content were separated using two dimensional electrophoresis (IPG strip of pI 3-10; 15% homogenous gel) and stained in coomassie blue. In this study using a standardized extract known for its biological activity, CFPR-JV1, two distinctive protein markers were detected within 2DE gel. The markers were spots found approximately at molecular weight of 14kDa at the basic extremities. The markers were not detected in a selected herbal product devoid of Eurycoma longifolia extract. In screening markers on a total of 23 National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCN) approved and 6 NPCB un-approved products claimed to have included Eurycoma longifolia extracts gave results with 18 of the 29 (approximately 62%) products observed with the presence of at least marker A, while the rest did not show presence of any markers. This enabled authentication of the products tested related to its active constituent. It is expected that the protein markers in addition to the existing chemical marker, Eurycomanone, may serve to be useful in authenticating genuine, unadulterated or sufficiently enough amount of Eurycoma longifolia in herbal aphrodisiac products. ABSTRAK Tongkat Ali telah diiktiraf secara meluas bagi faedah perangsang seksualnya dan banyak produk-produk herba yang digabungkan dengan ekstrak herba ini telah dijual di seluruh dunia. Produk dalam bentuk kapsul atau tablet sfera yang pelbagai sesuai dilarutkan dalam air dan kandungan protein mereka telah dipisahkan menggunakan jel dua dimensi (jalur IPG pI 3-10; 15% jel homogenus) dan diwarna dengan coomassie biru. Dalam kajian ini suatu ekstrak yang sebelum ini telah diiktiraf mengandungi aktiviti biologi iaitu ekstrak CFPR-JV1 telah dikesani dengan dua penanda protein melalui teknik jel 2DE. Penanda-penanda berkenaan adalah pada lokasi kira-kira berat molekul 14kDa dan pada kawasan beralkali. Penanda-penanda protein ini tidak dikesan dalam produk herba yang diiktiraf tidak mempunyai ekstrak Tongkat Ali. Dalam saringan penanda di dalam sejumlah 23 produk kategori lulusan Biro Kawalan Farmaseutikal Kebangsaan (NPCN) serta 6 produk dalam kategori tidak pernah diluluskan oleh NPCN tetapi mendakwa menagandungi ekstrak Tongkat Ali memberi keputusan cerakinan iaitu 18 daripada 29 (kira-kira 62%) produk dikesani dengan kehadiran sekurang-kurangnya dengan penanda A, manakala yang lain tidak menunjukkan kehadiran kedua-dua penanda. Pengesahan ini membolehkan produk-produk tersebut diujikesan dengan juzuk yang aktif. Oleh yang demikian adalah dijangkakan penanda protein selain penanda kimia yang sedia ada iaitu Eurycomanone, berguna dalam mengesahkan kesahihan kehadiran ekstrak Tongkat Ali dalam pelbagai produk herba afrodisiak.
(Keywords: plant, aphrodisiac, standardization, two dimensional electrophoresis, protein)
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