Perceptions on Public Transportation Safety Among Female Users in Malaysia

Abstract

Public transport in Malaysia has grown through government investment aimed at alleviating traffic congestion in urban areas. However, the safety of women using public transport is often viewed as less significant and is generally treated as a universal design issue. Ironically, past research strongly indicates that women face safety and security concerns in public spaces and while using public transportation services, traveling differently from men in terms of mobility and accessibility. These gendered and socio-economic inequalities affect women’s choice of transportation mode, negatively impacting their overall health, safety, and well-being. These elements must be planned thoroughly to achieve inclusive planning and gender equality in transportation. The main challenges to women's mobility in Malaysia include gender-based violence and issues related to the safety and access to public transportation. This paper is based on a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) regarding public transport safety attitudes and perceptions among female users aged 15 to 70 in Malaysia, focusing on variables such as safety, women-friendly facilities, and expectations vs. perceptions. The findings highlighted gender-based issues such as sexual assault, harassment, and child trafficking as major concerns impeding women's access to public transportation services in Malaysia. Participation by stakeholders in the provision of a holistic and inclusive public transport infrastructure remains a bureaucratic obstacle in Malaysia's planning and implementation of public transport services. Public transportation strategies need to be holistic, ensuring that the physical design and other strategies employed prevent security breaches and provide a sense of safety, especially for women and children. Post-incident support by designated and relevant agencies is also crucial. Infrastructure improvements need to be accompanied by awareness campaigns and advocacy to cultivate a more secure environment for everyone in public spaces.