Multi-Religious Education from the Perspective of Islamic Teachings Compared to the Pluralist Model
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article illustrates the capacity of Islam to solve the social problem of religious education in multicultural societies. A qualitative method has been adopted. The main result of the study is that in societies where people of different religions live. Islam, based on its beliefs, accepts multi-religious education that is to educate all religion’s teachings. This side of Islamic heritage solves the social problem that comes from teaching a particular religion in such societies. The study displays that the pluralistic religious education, cannot solve these problems. The study concludes that Islam has an active and constructive approach to other cultures and religions in the field of education that is based on freedom of religion and educational justice. It also suggests that some practical researches should be done to explore the benefits of this Islamic solution in Malaysian society as a multicultural society.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Andrew, Davis, “Defending Religious Pluralism for Religious Education,” Ethics & Education vol. 5(3) (2010): 189-209.
Anthony Hermans, Sterkens. Predictors of Force-Driven Religious Conflict in Religion and Conflict Attribution: An Empirical Study of the Religious Meaning System of Christian, Muslim and Hindu Students in Tamil Nadu, India. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015.
Ayers, Samuel J., and Reid, Shelly, “Teaching about Religion in Elementary School: The Experience of One Texas District,” The Social Studies vol. 96(1) (2005): 14-17.
Baker, Joseph O., “Social Sources of the Spirit: Connecting Rational Choice and Interactive Ritual Theories in the Study of Religion,” Sociology of Religion vol. 71(4) (2010): 432-456.
Barnes, L. Philip and Wright, Andrew, “Romanticism, Representations of Religion and Critical Religious Education,” British Journal of Religious Education vol. 28(1) (2006): 65-77.
Barnes, L. Philip, “Religious Education: Taking Religious Difference Seriously,” Cambridge: IMPACT 17 Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain vol. 17 (2009): 9-56.
Bartau-Rojas, Isabel, Aierbe-Barandiaran, Ana and Oregui-González, Eider, “Parental Mediation of the Internet Use of Primary Students: Beliefs, Strategies and Difficulties,” Comunicar vol. 26(54) (2018): 71-9.
Bishop, Penny A., and Robert J. Nash, “Teaching for Religious Literacy in Public Middle Schools,” Middle School Journal vol. 38(5) (2007): 20-31.
Bouma, Gary D. “The Emergence of Religious Plurality in Australia: A Multicultural Society,” Sociology of Religion vol. 56(3) (1995): 285-302.
Brady, Veronica. “Negotiating the Sacred: Blasphemy and Sacrilege in a Multicultural Society, edited by Coleman Elizabeth Burns and White Kevin. Canberra: ANU Press, 2006: 43-50.
Brubaker, Rogers, “Linguistic and Religious Pluralism: Between Difference and Inequality,” Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies vol. 41(1) (2015): 3-32.
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. 8. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr li al-Ṭibā‘ah wa al-Nashr, 1981.
Charaniya, Nadira K., and Jane West Walsh. “Crossing Borders of Religious Difference: Adult Learning in the Context of Interreligious Dialogue,” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education vol. 104 (2004): 29-37.
Charles, Foster, “On the Trail of a Taboo: Female Circumcision in the Islamic World,” Contemporary Review vol. 264(1450) (1994): 244-264.
Cyndi, Nienhaus, “Nostra Aetate: Religious Literacy for Today’s Catholic Students. Catholic Education,” A Journal of Inquiry & Practice vol. 17(1) (2013): 67-80.
Davie, Grace, “Thinking Sociologically about Religion: Implications for Faith Communities,” Review of Religious Research vol. 54(3) (2012): 273-289.
Dillon, Michele, “2009 Association for the Sociology of Religion Presidential Address: Can Post-Secular Society Tolerate Religious Differences?” Sociology of Religion vol. 71(2) (2010): 139-156.
Elkonin, Diane, Ottilia Brown, and Naicker, Samantha, “Religion, Spirituality and Therapy: Implications for Training,” Journal of Religion and Health vol. 53(1) (2014): 119-134.
Elman, Colin, Diana Kapiszewski, and Vinuela, Lorena, “Qualitative Data Archiving: Rewards and Challenges,” Political Science and Politics vol. 43(1) (2010): 23-27.
Emile, Lester, “Teaching for Religious Tolerance in Modesto,” Phi Delta Kappan vol. 93(4) (2011): 38-43.
Engberg, Mark E. and Hurtado, Sylvia, “Developing Pluralistic Skills and Dispositions in College: Examining Racial/Ethnic Group Differences,” The Journal of Higher Education vol. 82(4) (2011): 416-443.
Erb, Tom, “The Editor Reflects: Living and Learning in a Diverse Society,” Middle School Journal vol. 38(5) (2007): 2-2.
Faas, Daniel, Darmody, Merike and Sokolowska, Beata, “Religious Diversity in Primary Schools: Reflections from the Republic of Ireland, British,” Journal of Religious Education vol. 38(1) (2016): 83-98.
Fernando, Naiditch, “A Media Literate Approach to Developing Diversity Education,” Journal of Media Literacy Education vol. 5(1) (2013): 337-348.
Fernández, Mostaza Esther, Duocastella, Clara Fons I. and García-Romeral, Gloria, “Navigating Religious Boundaries at School: From Legitimate to Specious Religious Question,” Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies vol. 14(1) (2009): 69-90.
Fox, Jonathan, “The Rise of Religious Nationalism and Conflict: Ethnic Conflict and Revolutionary Wars 1945-2001,” Journal of Peace Research 41(6) (2004): 715-731.
Gill, S., “Universities as Spaces for Engaging the Other: A Pedagogy of Encounter for Intercultural and Interreligious Education,” International Review of Education Journal of Lifelong Learning vol. 62(4) (2016): 483-500.
Gordon, Sheila C. and Arenstein, Benjamin, “Interfaith Education: A New Model for Today’s Interfaith Families,” International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift Für Erziehungswissenschaft, vol. 63(2) (2017): 162-195.
Hartwick, Hawkins and Schroeder, “Emphasis on Diversity of Religious Views in Social Studies: A National Survey of Social Studies Teachers,” Journal of Social Studies Research vol. 40(4) (2016): 249-262.
Al-Ḥanafī, ʿAlī Ibn Abī al-ʻIzz. Sharḥ al-Ṭaḥawiyah fī ʿAqidah al-Salafīyah. Saudi Arabia: Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Advocacy and Guidance, 1997.
Hick, John. An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent. Yale: Yale University Press, 2004.
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī. Aḥmad. Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol.8. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1960.
Ibn Ḥazm, ʿAlī. Al Fiṣal fī al-Milal wa al-Aḥwāʾ wa al-Niḥal, vol. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyah, 1996.
Ibn Mājah, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd. Al- Sunan, vol. 2. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyah, 2002.
Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad. Musand al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Beirut: Dār al-Manhaj, 1991.
Ibrahima, Diallo, “Introduction: The Interface between Islamic and Western Pedagogies and Epistemologies: Features and Divergences,” International Journal of Pedagogies & Learning vol. 7(3) (2012): 175-179.
Jackson, R. “Signposts: Policy and Practice for Teaching about Religions and Non-Religious.” In Worldviews in Intercultural Education. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2014.
Jawoniyi, Oduntan, “Rethinking the Religious Education Curricula in Nigerian Schools,” Journal for the Study of Religion vol. 22(2) (2009): 63-86.
Al-Jurjānī, ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad. Sharḥ al-Mawāqif, vol. 1. Qum: Sharif Razi Publishing House, 1992.
Kaufmann, Eric. Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth? London: Profile Books, 2010.
Kilman, Carrie. “One Nation, Many Gods,” The Education Digest vol. 73(3) (2007): 14-21.
Klepper, Adam, “High School Students’ Attitudes toward Islam and Muslims: Can a Social Studies Course Make a Difference?” Social Studies vol. 105(3) (2014): 113- 123.
Lester, Emile, “A More Neutral Liberal Education: Why Not Only Liberals, but Religious Conservatives Should Endorse Comparative Religious Education in Public Schools,” Polity vol. 39(2) (2007): 179-207.
Mace, Emily. “Comparative Religion and the Practice of Eclecticism: Intersections in Nineteenth-Century Liberal Religious Congregations,” The Journal of Religion vol. 94(1) (2014): 74-96.
Al-Muʿtazilī, ʿAbd al-Jabbār. Al Muqnī fī Abwāb al-Tawḥīd wa al-ʿAdl, vol. 17. Cairo: Dār al-Miṣrīyah, 1965.
Al-Muttaqī al-Hindī, ʿAlāʾ al-Din ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd-al-Mālik. Kanz al-ʿUmmāl fī Sunan al-Aqwāl wa al-Afʿāl, vol. 1. Beirut: Dār al-Risālah, 1981.
Melissa. Maley, “Loving All Your Neighbors: Why Community Colleges Need the Academic Study of Religion,” New Directions for Community Colleges vol. 163 (2013): 61-68.
Mikoski, Gordon S. “Going Places: Travel Seminars as Opportunities for Interfaith Education,” Teaching Theology & Religion vol. 16(4) (2013): 352-361.
Moulton, Jon D., “Madrasah Education: Negotiating Belief and Value Differences in Islamic Schools around the World,” Beliefs and Values vol. 1 (2009): 94-120.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥya ibn Sharaf. Al-Majmuʿ fī Sharḥ al-Muhazzab, vol. 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 2005.
Nesbitt, Eleanor M. Intercultural Education: Ethnographic and Religious Approaches. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2004.
Nunn, Charles L., and Cooper, Natalie, “Investigating Evolutionary Lag Using the Species-Pairs Evolutionary Lag Test (Spelt),” Evolution vol. 69(1) (2015): 242-253.
Pallavicini, Yahya Sergio Yahe, “Interfaith Education: An Islamic Perspective,” International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift Für Erziehungswissenschaft vol. 62(4) (2016): 423-437.
Patrick, Eisenlohr, Religious Media, Devotional Islam, and the Morality of Ethnic Pluralism in Mauritius,” World Development vol. 39(2) (2011): 261-269.
Paul, Guyer, “Monism and Pluralism in the History of Aesthetics,” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 71(2) (2013): 133-143.
Penaskovic, Richard. Critical Thinking and the Academic Study of Religion. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, 1997.
Peyton, Melissa Renck and Jalongo, Mary Renck, “Make Me an Instrument of Your Peace: Honoring Religious Diversity and Modeling Respect for Faiths through Children’s Literature,” Early Childhood Education Journal vol. 35 (2008): 301-303.
Puett, T., “On Transforming Our World: Critical Pedagogy for Interfaith Education,” Cross Currents vol. 55(2) (2005): 246-73.
Al Qurtuby, Sumanto, “The Islamic Roots of Liberation, Justice, and Peace: An Anthropocentric Analysis of the Concept of Tawhid,” Islamic Studies vol. 52(3-4) (2013): 297-325.
Al-Rāzī Fakhr al-Dīn, Muḥammad. Mafātīh al-Ghayb, vol. 3. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1999.
Rosenblith, Suzanne, and Bailey Bea, “Comprehensive Religious Studies in Public Education: Educating for a Religiously Literate Society,” Educational Studies vol. 42(2) (2007): 93-111.
Al-Ṣaʿānī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl. Subul al-Salām Sharḥ Bulūgh al-Marām. Beirut: Dar Ibn Ḥazm, 2009.
Al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Al-Mabsūt, vol. 30. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1993.
Al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī. Nayl al-Awṭār min Asrār Muntaqa al-Akhbār. Saudi Arabia: Dār Ibn al-Jawzī, 2006.
Sanders, Jennifer, and Foyil, Jennifer M. Graff Kris. “Conveying a Stance of Religious Pluralism in Children’s Literature,” Children’s Literature in Education vol. 41(2) (2010): 168-188.
Al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Al-Mabsūt, vol. 30 (Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1993.
Sjöborg, Anders, “Religious Education and Intercultural Understanding: Examining the Role of Religiosity for Upper Secondary Students’ Attitudes Towards,” British Journal of Religious Education vol. 35(1) (2013): 36-54.
Skerrett, Allison, “Religious Literacies in a Secular Literacy Classroom,” Reading Research Quarterly 49(2) (2014): 233-250.
Suzanne, Evans, “The Role of Multicultural Literature Interactive Read-Alouds on Student Perspectives toward Diversity,” Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching vol. 3(1) (2010): 92-104.
Al-Tabarī, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr. Jāmiʿ al-Bayān fī Tafsīl Āyāt al-Qur’ān, vol 21. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1992.
Al-Taftāzanī, Saʿad al-Dīn Masʿūd ibn ʿUmar. Sharḥ al-Maqāsid, vol. 1. Tehran: Sharif Razi Publishing House, 1989.
Al-Tanūkhī, ʿAbd al-Salām ibn Saʿīd. Al Mudawanah al-Kubrá, vol. 6. Riyadh: Dār al-Suʿādah, 1906.
Tan, Charlene, “The Teaching of Religious Knowledge in a Plural Society: The Case for Singapore,” International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft / Revue Internationale de l'Education vol. 54(2) (2008): 175-191.
Teece, Geoff, Traversing the Gap: Andrew Wright, John Hick and Critical Religious Education,” British Journal of Religious Education vol. 27(1) (2005): 29-40.
Terence J., Lovat. “Educating About Islam and Learning About Self: An Approach for Our Times,” Religious Education vol. 100 (2005): 38-51.
Thomas, Crisp et al., “What’s on Our Bookshelves? The Diversity of Children’s Literature in Early Childhood Classroom Libraries,” Journal of Children’s Literature vol. 42(2) (2016): 29-43.
Thomas, Fröhlich. “Civil Religion on a Confucian Basis.” In Tang Junyi: Confucian, Philosophy and the Challenge of Modernity. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2017.