The Harms of Genetic Engineering in Plants Behind Its Benefits: Islamic Bioethics According to Sūrah Al- Nisā’ Verse 119

Abstract

Technological advancements in agriculture have led to various innovations, including genetic engineering that produces genetically modified organisms (GMOs). However, from an Islamic bioethical perspective, such interventions raise significant concerns. Allāh created the universe, including the earth and all within it in perfect balance. The purpose of this study is to examine Islamic bioethics according to Sūrah al-Nisā ' (4): 119, in relation to genetic engineering in plants that produces harm behind its benefits. In Sūrah al-Nisā (4): 119 Allāh warns humanity not to follow Satan’s deception to alter His creation that forms the foundation of Islamic bioethics. Using the library research method, and data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis employing a thematic (mauḍhuʿī) approach, enabling a comprehensive and systematic exploration of the selected theme, and synthesizing interpretations from classical and contemporary tafsīrs and relate them to GMO bioethics. The interpretations of this verse found in Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Tabarī, Tafsīr al-Azhar, and Tafsīr al-Misbāh suggest an implicit prohibition against genetic modification. A more explicit rejection of GMOs is presented in the Verse by Verse Qur'an Study Circle. It was found that the negative consequences of GMO crops include potential risks to human health and the extinction of heirloom varieties. Thus, the Islamic bioethics urges caution toward genetic engineering that disrupts God’s natural order, emphasizing maṣlahah (public interest) and sadd al-dhara’i (blocking harm). These principles guide ethical judgments, ensuring actions promote benefit, prevent harm, and align with Islamic law’s objectives, regarding complex issues like GMOs.